粉末冶金

 粉末冶金 (Powder Metallurgy)  :

是一種金屬成型工藝,通過將壓實的金屬粉末加熱到剛好低於其熔點的方式進行。儘管該工藝已經存在了100多年,但在過去的25年中,也己被廣泛認為是生產用於各種重要應用的高質量零件的一種上乘方式。

粉末冶金 之所以成功,是因為相對於其他金屬成型技術(例如鍛造和金屬鑄造)具有的優勢,材料利用率,形狀複雜性,近淨尺寸控制等方面的優勢。這些又有助於可持續發展,使粉末冶金成為公認的綠色技術。

 

 粉末治金 特性    :

目前零件的之製造方法相當多, 如鍛造, 沖壓, 機械加工, 壓鑄, 精密鑄造等, 均有其優缺點, 與這些製程相較之下, 粉末治金製程因其有下列多種特性, 故需求一直持續增長.

1. 多孔性: 零件中空隙體積與全部體積的百分比。零件中如軸承, 過濾器, 等工作中必須具有相當數量之孔隙, 軸承之孔隙可用來儲存潤滑油, 使機器運轉時潤滑油能受熱膨漲而釋出以潤滑轉動軸, 來減少損磨及噪音; 冷卻時潤滑油則收縮並又回存到孔隙中。

2.  密度: 密度是零件每單位體積的質量,單位為克/立方厘米。通常,密度是在乾燥且未浸漬的基礎上而形成的,而軸承的密度是在完全浸油的基礎上而形成的。

3.  燒結性: 將金屬粉末和其他獨特的材料轉換為最終用途的零件。燒結通常在具有不同溫度區域的單個細長爐中進行。為了促進該過程,可以將合金元素或加壓潤滑劑添加到金屬粉末中。不互溶的複合材料

4. 成本效益: 由於燒結後尺寸為最終產品尺寸, 可省去鑽孔, 車削, 研磨等加工步驟且無廢料. 以傳統滾齒的加工方式相比, 加工速度慢有廢料成本相對而言高.

 

粉末治金 製程: 

混粉-成形-燒結-後加工混粉: 將不同之金屬粉末與潤滑劑混合.成形: 將粉末送入模中加壓成形燒結: 成形後, 粉末並未有足夠之結合力須經燒結才能達到其硬度與物理性質. 燒結的溫度,都在主要組成金屬的熔點之下,而燒結時間,則約在 20-40 分鐘之間

 

 粉末治金 技術:

牽涉到金屬, 有機物, 化學及機械四大領域, 其中又以金屬領域最為重要, 包括了金屬粉末(合金粉)之製造, 燒結以及後續加工之熱處理等。 這些製程的原理都與粉末治金的基本理論相關,其中包含了金屬粒子, 晶體結構,合金元素之選擇相關。

  •   粉末治金技術的優點    :
    • 可製作不相溶之金屬材料: 絕大多數難熔金屬及其化合物、假合金、多孔材料只能用粉末冶金方法來製造。
    • 粉末治金可直接壓鑄最後尺寸的毛坯, 減少廢料產生, 降低成本。
    • 粉末冶金法能保證材料成分配比的正確性和組織均勻性。
    • 粉末治金適用於同一形狀且數量多的零件

      粉末治金技術的缺點   :

    • 粉末治金製品有孔隙, 故強度與鍛造件或鑄件來的低。
    • 由於成形過程中粉末的流動性遠不如液態金屬,因此對產品結構形狀有一定的限制。
    • 受制於壓模設備能力故只適用於成批或大量生產

 

粉末治金 應用    :

      • 銅系軸承零件:  銅系中又以純銅, 青銅, 黃銅, 洋白之應用最廣. 含油軸承,  鎖件 
      • 鐵系零件:  汽車軸套, 汽車齒輪,  汽車鏈輪,  汽車飛輪,  機械零件,   手工具零件,  氣動工具零件,  冷氣機零件,  縫紉機零件
      • 碳化鎢超硬合金:沖壓模具,   粉末冶金模具 
      • 鐵氧磁體: 軟磁, 硬磁, 多用於電源供應器, 汽車供電系統及機電系統中
      • 鈦合金   :  航太零件, 醫療結構件應用最廣

 

 粉末冶金 未來發展:

近年來之發展趨勢可看出有下列幾項: 1. 高溫燒結 2. 積層製造(又稱3D列印)  3. 金屬粉末射出成形(Metal Injection Mold)  4.高壓縮性鐵粉 5. 電動成形機 6. 熱均壓(hot isostatic pressing)。 由於粉末冶金製程具有相當多之優點, 成品不止包含日常生活用品中, 也己大量被使用在高科技及航太, 軍事用途。 對粉末冶金製品的認知提升, 新的產品, 新的設計也不斷地出現, 可預見粉末冶金製程仍將穩定成長, 並持續在製造業中佔有重要一席之地位。

 

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Additional Resource:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_metallurgy

 

粉末冶金-門鎖系列

粉末冶金 門鎖系列 在我們的居家生活上佔比非常重, 其中包含:

電子門鎖系統零件: Stainless Steel 303 ; SS303N1-25 ; Stainless steel 316 / SS316N1-25 ; FD-0205, FC-0205

門鎖結構零件: Stainless steel 303 ; SS303N1-25 ; Stainless steel 316 / SS316N1-25 ; FC -0205 ; Sint C11

加工方式: 蒸氣染黑

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Metal Injection Molding

Metal Injection Molding introduction: 

Frist, Metal injection molding is also called MIM.

And MIM is a proven, innovative technology that offers the capability of mass producing complex-shaped metal parts consistently and reliably.

It is used to manufacture products ranging from golf clubs and fuel injector nozzles to cell phone components and complex surgical tools.

You’ll find MIM parts used in aerospace and defense, medical & dental, electronics, agriculture, automotive, and many other markets. 

  • The molding process allows high volume, complex parts to be shaped in a single step.
  • After molding, the part undergoes conditioning operations to remove the binder (rebinding) and densify the powders. Finished products are small components used in many industries and applications.
  • MIM has used to manufacture millions of parts for medical device including powered device drive chains, end effectors, connectors, and other applications. for over 20 years.

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Additional Resource:

MIMA

What’s Powder Metallurgy

What is powder metallurgy ? PM is a metal-forming process performed by heating compacted metal powders to just below their melting points. Although the process has existed for more than 100 years, over the past quarter century it has become widely recognized as a superior way of producing high-quality parts for a variety of important applications. This success is due to the advantages the process offers over other metal forming technologies such as forging and metal casting, advantages in material utilization, shape complexity, near-net-shape dimensional control, among others. These, in turn, contribute to sustainability, making powder metallurgy a recognized green technology.

In reality, powder metallurgy comprises several different technologies for fabricating semi-dense and fully dense components. The conventional powder metallurgy process, referred to as press-and-sinter, was used to produce the planetary carrier shown here. The surgical scissor parts were formed through the metal injection molding (MIM) process, the manifold was manufactured through hot isostatic pressing (HIP), while the connecting rod was produced using powder forging (PF). Meanwhile, new to the scene, metal additive manufacturing (AM) is gaining popularity.

Using many of these PM processing techniques, as well as other processes such as spray forming, roll compaction, rapid solidification, and others, components are also produced today from particulate materials other than metal powders. Today’s advanced materials are seldom made of metals and metallic alloys alone, often incorporating ceramics, ceramic fibers, and intermetallic compounds. These include:

  • cermets
  • intermetallic compounds
  • metal matrix composites
  • nanostructured materials
  • high-speed steels

Powder metallurgy is an integral part of our lives.

Why you should choose PaoYue for your partner:

  1. we operate 24/7/365 anytime for you.
  2. we committee only high quality for you.
  3. we quote your inquiry within 4 hours.
  4. made in Taiwan.

Source: MPIF

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何謂粉末冶金

何謂粉末冶金 ? 粉末冶金是通過將壓實的金屬粉末加熱到剛好低於其熔點進行的金屬成型工藝。儘管該工藝已經存在了100多年,但在過去的25年中,它已被廣泛認為是生產用於各種重要應用的高質量零件的上乘方式。之所以成功,是因為該工藝相對於其他金屬成型技術(例如鍛造和金屬鑄造)具有的優勢,材料利用,形狀複雜性,其尺寸公差控制等方面的優勢。這些又有助於可持續發展,使粉末冶金成為公認的綠色技術。

優勢:

  1. 經濟性: 適宜於生產同一形狀而數量多的產品,特別是齒輪等加工費用高的產品,用粉末冶金法製造能大大降低生產成本。
  2. 可製作高熔點金屬
  3. 可製作不互溶之複合材料
  4. 均勻性以及高密度

劣勢:

  1. 需求量一般最少都要3000以上才划算

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